Comparative Legal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Comparative Legal System - Essay Example Promissory estoppel brings principles of fairness and equity into the equation for the first time and lowers the bar to allow more informal arrangements to have force of law. While it would an overstatement to say that estoppel undermines common law rules of consideration—because courts have discretion whether to apply the doctrine or not—it certainly alters the significance of consideration in contract-making. The doctrine of promissory estoppel prevents a party in a legal relationship from withdrawing a promise made to another party if the latter has relied on that promise and acted upon it to his or her detriment. This doctrine was resurrected after many decades in obscurity by Lord Denning in Central London Property Trust Ltd v. High Trees House Ltd [1947] KB 130. In this case High Trees House leased a block of flats for a rate  £2500 per year from Central London Property Trust. Because of the war and the German bombing of London it was very hard to find people to live in the flats and High Trees was losing a lot of money. In 1940, the parties made an agreement in writing to reduce the rent by half. The period of time that this reduction was to last, however, was not clear. Over the next five years, High Trees paid the reduced rate. Then, in 1945, the flats were more popular and full again. There was a disagreement between the two parties and Central London sued for payment of the fu ll rental costs. In his ruling, Lord Denning wrote: I am satisfied that a promise such as that to which I have referred is binding and the only question remaining for my consideration is the scope of the promise in the present case. I am satisfied on all the evidence that the promise here was that the ground rent should be reduced to 1,250l. a year as a temporary expedient while the block of flats was not fully, or substantially fully let, owing to the conditions prevailing . . . I am satisfied that the promise was understood by all parties only to apply under the

The Father Essay Essay Example for Free

The Father Essay Essay A man is shaped by the people in his environment. In The Father by Hugh Garner, John Purcell, the father, is not dysfunctional, the whole family is. He attempts to fit in but he is stopped, not only by his son, but by also the rest of his dysfunctional family. John attempts to be integrate into his family, but on several occasions is obstructed by his son. John attempts to start conversations with Johnny, but is ignored and soon stops these futile attempts. In addition, when he tries to watch his son play, his son bluntly ignores him. As well, John enthusiastically greets his son on the street only to have a wave in return. John even goes to a Boy Scout dinner in hopes of repairing the damage in the relationship between him and his son; nevertheless, his son continues to embarrass him. As you can see, the father is actually trying to become a handy member of his family, however, his family is actually hindering him from accomplishing his goal. The main person responsible for blocking John from becoming purposeful is his own son Johnny. Johnny doesnt talk with his dad, therefore, making him feel isolated from his son since he knows nothing about him. Whenever Johnnys dad tries to become functional with Johnny, Johnny makes his dad feel stupid for trying. Some more specific examples of this is when dad saw Johnny on the street, Johnny barely managed a wave. Also, when his dad went to see his son play games in the schoolyard, Johnny bluntly ignored his dad. Johnny is the main reason that John is not succeeding in becoming useful. However, the other members of the family also help Johnny in his evil deeds. Johnny is accountable for most of the blockage against his father; however, he also receives help from his family. To maintain as little as communication between Johnny and his father, Johnny gets his mom to talk the father for him. Johnny told his mother to give the dad the invitation to the Boy Scout dinner. Furthermore, the family reprimands John by telling him to be nice to Johnny, making it seem as if the distance between him and his son is his entire fault. As you can see, the whole family participates to forbid  John Purcell from becoming a functional member of the family. As you have just read, a man is shaped by the people in his environment. It is not John Purcells fault that he is dysfunctional; it is the familys fault that he is dysfunctional. John is trying to become a functional member, however, his dysfunctional family refuses to cooperate with him. With this evidence, you would come to the conclusion that it is not that John Purcell is dysfunctional; its the whole family that is dysfunctional.

Goethes Faust - Mocking Religion :: Faust Essays

Faust:   Mocking Religion  Ã‚  Ã‚      The play Faust by Goethe is subtitled a tragedy. There's nothing in the play like Romeo and Juliet. So why would it be subtitled a tragedy? Well I don't know who or why they call it a tragedy, but I know why I would call it a tragedy. Some things in the play are very tragic: for example the mocking of religion (lines 290-295) the pregnancy of the girl, the loss of faith (line 388) the intelligent Faust losing hope (line 381) and though we didn't read this, the fact that Faust goes to Heaven after all he died (the very end of the play)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout this play religion is constantly mocked. The Devil and God are pretty buddy buddy. I mean they make bets, they have casual conversation (lines 275-302) They are just kind of friends. I am not the most religious person, but I know that the Devil and God are not friends. They do not talk, make bets, or hang out together. An obvious mocking right there. Also it seems that the powerful Devil is not powerful at all. He is repeatedly outsmarted by a mere mortal (line 2715) and has many limitation. If you grow up going to church and being taught religion you are under the impression that the Devil is so powerful, always tempting us mortals and finally buying our souls. God and the Devil are made fun of by showing how much little power they have. God over the Devil and the devil over mortals. The girl, Grethen, getting pregnant is a tragedy for the simple fact that she and Faust are in love and would probably be in love for ever and ever had it not been for the Devil. Faust loves this girl and would love to be with her forever, but the Devil says that Faust can sleep with any girl without staying with her. So the Devil convinces Faust to tarnish this innocent girl. He sleeps with her getting her pregnant and thus sending her to jail (it is a crime back then for a woman to get pregnant without being married) Faust knows that the women he loves is in jail, possibly forever and he wants to help, but the Devil convinces him otherwise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Faust's loss of faith is another issue in this play that I feel was a tragedy.

Strategic Plan Outline

UNIVERSITY OF BELIZE MGMT 490 – BUSINESS STRATEGY AND POLICY How to Structure The Strategic Plan Guidelines Executive Summary This is written to the scope and level of content that an â€Å"outsider† can read the summary and grasp the vision, mission of the organization, its overall goals and objectives, major strategic issues and the key strategies implemented to attain the goals. Section 1 – Current situation 1. Brief Background and History of the Company and the Industry 2. Strategic Posture: Current Mission, Current Vision Current Values Current Objectives Current Strategies Current Policies 3. Past Strategic Performance Indicators (if available): Market share Sales Growth Net Profit Margin Return on Equity Investment Other? (Depending on the type of business/industry) Section 2 – External Environment, Opportunities and Threats (EFAS) 2. 1 General Environment (PEST, Gap Analysis, etc) 2. 2 Task Environment (Porters five forces, Strategic Map) 2. 3 External Factor Analysis Summary Section 3 – Internal Environment, Strengths and Weaknesses (IFAS) 3. 1Value Chain analysis . 2Corporate Structure 3. 3Corporate Resources: Marketing Finance Human Resource Operations and Logistics Information Systems 3. 4Internal Factor Analysis Summary Section 4 – Competitive Strength Assessment based on Key Success Factors Quality/product performanceCustomer Service Capability Reputation/imageOther? Manufacturing capability Technological skills and know-how Dealer/distribution capability New product innovation capabili ty Financial resources Relative cost position Section 5 – Analysis of Major Strategic Factors SFAS . 1 Key Internal and External Factors (SWOT) 5. 2 Competitive advantages/disadvantages, Competitive position improving/slipping 5. 2 Review of Mission and Objectives Section 6 – Alternatives and Recommendations 1. Strategic Alternatives 2. Recommended Strategies Section 7 – Implementation Plan for new strategies recommended Section 8 – Evaluation and Control Plan for new strategies implemented Section 9 – Financial data and Analysis – Includes information on resources to finance the implementation of the Strategic Plan APPENDICES BIBLIOGRAPHY THE PRESENTATION OF THE PLAN Time Allowed: 30 minutes Presentation should be as follows: a) Brief History of Company (Section 1) b) Current Situation (Section -1) c) External Environment Opportunities and Threats (Section 2) d) Internal Environment Strengths and Weaknesses (Section 3 e) Analysis of major strategic factors, strategic alternatives and recommended strategies (including financial analysis) (Sections 5, 6 & 9)- 15 minutes Question and Answer Session

Chemistry Lab

The pKa of an Unknown Acid-Base Indicator By: Josephine Hong Lab Instructor: Yue Zhang Due: April 5, 2013 Submitted: April 5, 2013 Abstract: In this lab, the pKa of the unknown indicator of expression was determined both qualitatively and quantitatively. To verify our procedures, the experiment was tested using a known indicator, bromocresol green. Qualitatively, we used the color change of the solution with indicator to obtain the pKa value solely using a pH meter. Quantitatively, we used a pH meter and the spectrophotometer with varying concentrations of the acid and base.The maximum wavelengths of absorbance used to quantify the dissociated and undissociated forms of the bromocresol green were 440 nm (yellow, undissociated) and 616 nm (blue dissociated). For the unknown indicator, the wavelengths were 505. 96 nm (red, undissociated) and 601. 66 nm (blue, dissociated). For bromocresol green, the experimentally obtained pKa value measured qualitatively was 4. 04. Quantitatively, the pKa came out to be 4. 16. The percentage error (10. 47%) obtained was within reasonable range, allowing the same procedures to be used to determine the pKa value of the unknown indicator, Indicator of Freedom.Indicator was Freedom was found to have a pKa value of 5. 32 qualitatively essay writer typer. On the other hand, the quantitative pKa was measure to be 4. 265. Introduction: This lab applies the concept of an indicator dye, which is principally a weak acid that changes colors when reacting with the amount of hydronium ion in a solution. Thus, the qualitative part of the lab assumes that at the point where the solution changes color into an intermediate shade of the two, the concentrations of [HIn] and [In-] is approximately equal. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for them: he pH equals pKa when the ratio between the indicator and its conjugate base is 1. Subsequently, the quantitative portion of the lab deals with the relationship between absorbance and concentration: A1(? )A2(? )= c1c2 Thus, a certain absorbance of a solution can provide the concentration of the indicator and its conjugate base when taking into consideration the maximum wavelength of the two colors. Experimental Section: To reduce the volumes of acid and base needed and the amount of time to complete the lab, the stock solutions of strong acid and base were diluted to at least one-fourth their starting amount.Thus, 60 mL of deionized water was added to both stock solutions of 20 mL HCl and NaOH to create 2 new 80 mL diluted solutions. Part 1: Finding pKa Qualitatively 25 mL solution of the diluted NaOH with 3 drops of indicator was titrated against the diluted HCl drop wise until a color change occurred. To determine the pKa of the indicators, the pH of the solutions were taken with a pH meter when there was a color change. Determining the color of bromocresol green to be yellow when acidic and blue when basic, the point of color change to measure pH was when the solution turne d green.Likewise, the indicator of Freedom was red when acidic and blue when basic, which established the point of color change to be purple. These steps were performed three times for both the known and unknown indicators to find an average pKa value. Part 2: Finding pKa Quantitatively For the quantitative determination of pKa, multiple solutions of varying acid/ base concentration were prepared with 3 drops of indicator. Despite the varying concentrations of each solution, the total volume stayed constant at 20 mL.Before anything, the wavelengths of maximum absorbance were determined first by using solutions of pure acid and base with three drops of indicator. For each solution, the pH was measured before placing them in cuvettes to measure their absorbance values using the spectrophotometer. These steps were performed for both the known and unknown indicator. Results: Table 1: Qualitative Data for Bromocresol Green Trial| pH| 1| 3. 82| 2| 3. 93| 3| 4. 36| Average| 4. 04| Calculat ion of Average: Table 2: Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green | HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator| NaOH w/ 3 Drops Indicator| Concentration (M)| . 028| . 0962| (nm)| 440| 616| Solution Color| Yellow| Blue| Absorbance| . 116| . 243| Table 3: Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL)| Volume of NaOH (mL)| pH| Absorbance HIn| AbsorbanceIn-| 14| 6| 3. 50| . 055| . 015| 9| 10| 4. 39| . 044| . 048| 7| 13| 5. 30| . 024| . 103| Figure 1: Absorbance vs. pH for Bromocresol Green Percent Error Calculation for Bromocresol Green: error *pKa of Bromocresol Green was found online Table 4: Qualitative Data for Indicator of Freedom Trial| pH| 1| 5. 50| 2| 5. 33| 3| 5. 12| Average| 5. 32| Table 5: Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator| NaOH w/ 3 DropsIndicator| Concentration (M)| . 1028| . 0962| (nm)| 505. 96| 601. 66| Solution Color| Red| Blue| Absorbance| . 703| . 945| Table 6: Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL)| Volume of NaOH (mL)| pH| Absorbance HIn| AbsorbanceIn-| 18| 2| 2. 07| . 360| . 046| 14| 6| 2. 36| . 374| . 048| 10| 10| 3. 88| . 347| . 087| 10| 10| 3. 04| . 312| . 041| 9| 11| 9. 35| . 148| 1. 127| 9. 5| 10. 5| 5. 95| . 171| . 686| 9. 75| 10. 25| 5. 45| . 230| . 424| 9. 25| 10. 75| 9. 13| . 146| . 913| Figure 2: Graph of Absorbance vs. pH for Indicator of Freedom Discussion:The qualitative part of the lab had room for a lot of errors. The unreliability of visual observation of the slight color change in solution could have dramatically affected the results. Because the experimentally determined pKa was less than the actual pKa for both cases, strong enough color change were probably not observed. Since the titration was performed roughly using drops, the drops could have added more acid than needed, resulting in a smaller pKa.. Quantitatively, the pKa can be determined by plotting the data, with absorbance as a function of pH. There will be two separate lines, one for each wavelength of the two colors.The intersection of these two lines will indicate the point at which the pH should be equal to the pKa. This works because at the intersection point: pH=pKa+logIn-HIn It is known that A1A2= c1c2. Since A1= A2 at the intersection point of the graph, then 1= c1c2= In-HIn. Thus,pH=pKa+log1 pH=pKa at the intersection of both curves The procedure for determination of bromocresol green pKa appeared to have worked, because the percent error was roughly around 10%. Although slightly high, these errors are unpreventable. For example, cuvettes with smudges on the sides would have increased the absorbance readings of the solutions.Moreover, the maximum wavelength is crucial because it is used as a standard to know where to record the absorbance levels of the other solutions. This is because it is where the maximum absorbance occurs for the particular color produced by the solution is. It is important to measure the absorbance levels at these standardized wavelengths to keep the data con sistent and to have the ability to compare the absorbance levels of two solutions without the need to calibrate or adjust the readings. Finally, a limited number of data points when determining the pH graphically could have also added to the error in this experiment. Chemistry Lab The pKa of an Unknown Acid-Base Indicator By: Josephine Hong Lab Instructor: Yue Zhang Due: April 5, 2013 Submitted: April 5, 2013 Abstract: In this lab, the pKa of the unknown indicator of expression was determined both qualitatively and quantitatively. To verify our procedures, the experiment was tested using a known indicator, bromocresol green. Qualitatively, we used the color change of the solution with indicator to obtain the pKa value solely using a pH meter. Quantitatively, we used a pH meter and the spectrophotometer with varying concentrations of the acid and base.The maximum wavelengths of absorbance used to quantify the dissociated and undissociated forms of the bromocresol green were 440 nm (yellow, undissociated) and 616 nm (blue dissociated). For the unknown indicator, the wavelengths were 505. 96 nm (red, undissociated) and 601. 66 nm (blue, dissociated). For bromocresol green, the experimentally obtained pKa value measured qualitatively was 4. 04. Quantitatively, the pKa came out to be 4. 16. The percentage error (10. 47%) obtained was within reasonable range, allowing the same procedures to be used to determine the pKa value of the unknown indicator, Indicator of Freedom.Indicator was Freedom was found to have a pKa value of 5. 32 qualitatively essay writer typer. On the other hand, the quantitative pKa was measure to be 4. 265. Introduction: This lab applies the concept of an indicator dye, which is principally a weak acid that changes colors when reacting with the amount of hydronium ion in a solution. Thus, the qualitative part of the lab assumes that at the point where the solution changes color into an intermediate shade of the two, the concentrations of [HIn] and [In-] is approximately equal. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for them: he pH equals pKa when the ratio between the indicator and its conjugate base is 1. Subsequently, the quantitative portion of the lab deals with the relationship between absorbance and concentration: A1(? )A2(? )= c1c2 Thus, a certain absorbance of a solution can provide the concentration of the indicator and its conjugate base when taking into consideration the maximum wavelength of the two colors. Experimental Section: To reduce the volumes of acid and base needed and the amount of time to complete the lab, the stock solutions of strong acid and base were diluted to at least one-fourth their starting amount.Thus, 60 mL of deionized water was added to both stock solutions of 20 mL HCl and NaOH to create 2 new 80 mL diluted solutions. Part 1: Finding pKa Qualitatively 25 mL solution of the diluted NaOH with 3 drops of indicator was titrated against the diluted HCl drop wise until a color change occurred. To determine the pKa of the indicators, the pH of the solutions were taken with a pH meter when there was a color change. Determining the color of bromocresol green to be yellow when acidic and blue when basic, the point of color change to measure pH was when the solution turne d green.Likewise, the indicator of Freedom was red when acidic and blue when basic, which established the point of color change to be purple. These steps were performed three times for both the known and unknown indicators to find an average pKa value. Part 2: Finding pKa Quantitatively For the quantitative determination of pKa, multiple solutions of varying acid/ base concentration were prepared with 3 drops of indicator. Despite the varying concentrations of each solution, the total volume stayed constant at 20 mL.Before anything, the wavelengths of maximum absorbance were determined first by using solutions of pure acid and base with three drops of indicator. For each solution, the pH was measured before placing them in cuvettes to measure their absorbance values using the spectrophotometer. These steps were performed for both the known and unknown indicator. Results: Table 1: Qualitative Data for Bromocresol Green Trial| pH| 1| 3. 82| 2| 3. 93| 3| 4. 36| Average| 4. 04| Calculat ion of Average: Table 2: Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green | HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator| NaOH w/ 3 Drops Indicator| Concentration (M)| . 028| . 0962| (nm)| 440| 616| Solution Color| Yellow| Blue| Absorbance| . 116| . 243| Table 3: Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL)| Volume of NaOH (mL)| pH| Absorbance HIn| AbsorbanceIn-| 14| 6| 3. 50| . 055| . 015| 9| 10| 4. 39| . 044| . 048| 7| 13| 5. 30| . 024| . 103| Figure 1: Absorbance vs. pH for Bromocresol Green Percent Error Calculation for Bromocresol Green: error *pKa of Bromocresol Green was found online Table 4: Qualitative Data for Indicator of Freedom Trial| pH| 1| 5. 50| 2| 5. 33| 3| 5. 12| Average| 5. 32| Table 5: Maximum Absorbance and for Bromocresol Green HCl w/ 3 Drops Indicator| NaOH w/ 3 DropsIndicator| Concentration (M)| . 1028| . 0962| (nm)| 505. 96| 601. 66| Solution Color| Red| Blue| Absorbance| . 703| . 945| Table 6: Quantitative Data for Bromocresol Green Volume of HCl (mL)| Volume of NaOH (mL)| pH| Absorbance HIn| AbsorbanceIn-| 18| 2| 2. 07| . 360| . 046| 14| 6| 2. 36| . 374| . 048| 10| 10| 3. 88| . 347| . 087| 10| 10| 3. 04| . 312| . 041| 9| 11| 9. 35| . 148| 1. 127| 9. 5| 10. 5| 5. 95| . 171| . 686| 9. 75| 10. 25| 5. 45| . 230| . 424| 9. 25| 10. 75| 9. 13| . 146| . 913| Figure 2: Graph of Absorbance vs. pH for Indicator of Freedom Discussion:The qualitative part of the lab had room for a lot of errors. The unreliability of visual observation of the slight color change in solution could have dramatically affected the results. Because the experimentally determined pKa was less than the actual pKa for both cases, strong enough color change were probably not observed. Since the titration was performed roughly using drops, the drops could have added more acid than needed, resulting in a smaller pKa.. Quantitatively, the pKa can be determined by plotting the data, with absorbance as a function of pH. There will be two separate lines, one for each wavelength of the two colors.The intersection of these two lines will indicate the point at which the pH should be equal to the pKa. This works because at the intersection point: pH=pKa+logIn-HIn It is known that A1A2= c1c2. Since A1= A2 at the intersection point of the graph, then 1= c1c2= In-HIn. Thus,pH=pKa+log1 pH=pKa at the intersection of both curves The procedure for determination of bromocresol green pKa appeared to have worked, because the percent error was roughly around 10%. Although slightly high, these errors are unpreventable. For example, cuvettes with smudges on the sides would have increased the absorbance readings of the solutions.Moreover, the maximum wavelength is crucial because it is used as a standard to know where to record the absorbance levels of the other solutions. This is because it is where the maximum absorbance occurs for the particular color produced by the solution is. It is important to measure the absorbance levels at these standardized wavelengths to keep the data con sistent and to have the ability to compare the absorbance levels of two solutions without the need to calibrate or adjust the readings. Finally, a limited number of data points when determining the pH graphically could have also added to the error in this experiment. Chemistry Lab The purpose of this lab was to see which solutions are soluble and which are not. We were able to see this by mixing certain solutions together and observing changes that occurred. The procedure for this experiment included a few different steps. The first steps were to add the nitrate solutions into the lettered parts of the 96-well plate.Once you were done with that, you were supposed to add the sodium solutions to the numbered parts of the 96-well plate, so that the solutions were added together. You were supposed to observe the different reactions occurring. Once you observed each reaction take place, you needed to fill out your data table. Data Table: Solubility Rules Table|Negative Ion (Anions)| Positive Ions (Cations)| Solubility ofCompounds| All negative ions are with| Alkali ions (Na)| Soluble| All negative ions are with| Hydrogen (H+)| Soluble| All negative ions are with| All positive ions| Soluble| Nitrate NO3- ions are with| All positive ions are| Soluble| Acetate CH COO- ions are 3with| All positive ions are| Soluble| Chloride, Cl-Bromide Br-Iodide I-| CuAll other positive ions| Low SolubilitySolubleSoluble| Sulfate SO 2-4| BaAll other positive ions| Low SolubilitySoluble| Sulfide S -2| All positive ions| Soluble| Hydroxide, OH-| Ba| Soluble|Phosphate PO 3-4Carbonate CO 2-3Sulfite, SO 2-3| H| Soluble| Once you recorded all of the data, there were a few questions that needed to be answered. A. Compare your results with the solubility rules and/or solubility table in your chemistry text. I would say that my results turned out pretty close to the rules in the text book. I observed many different reactions occurring. The colors of the solutions changed from clear to purple, from clear to blue and yellow, and from clear to a milky white color. There were also changes from a light yellow to a dark almost orange color. B.Do your results agree with your expectations from the solubility rules/table? My results do agree with my expectations, however, I wasnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t expecting all of the solutions to be soluble. C. Which anions generally form precipitates? What are exceptions? Silver salts, Phosphates, Sulfides, Carbonates, Hydroxides. Exceptions include alkali metals. D. Which anions generally do not form precipitates? What are the exceptions? Nitrates, Alkali metals, Ammonium salts, Halides, and Acetates. The exceptions include those mentioned above that would form precipitates. E. Which cations generally do not form precipitates?Na+ generally does not form precipitates. F. Select 10 reactions that produce a precipitate, color change, or gas and write balanced chemical equation and a net ionic equation for each. Remember, a reaction may be indicated by the formation of a precipitate, color change, or the formation of gas. Record the well numbers of the precipitates you chose for your equations. (Co(No3)2+6H2O)+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well A1 (Cu(NO3)2+3H2O )+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well B1 (Fe(NO3)3+9H2)+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well C1 (Ba(NO3)2) )+(Na3PO4+12H2O)W ell D1 (Ni(NO3)2+6H2O)+(Na3PO4+12H2O)Well E1 (Co(No3)2+6H2O)+(NaHCO3)Well A5 Cu(NO3)2+3H2O)+(NaHCO3)Well B5 (Fe(NO3)3+9H2)+(NaHCO3)Well C5 (Ba(NO3)2) )+(NaHCO3)Well D5 (Ni(NO3)2+6H2O)+(NaHCO3)Well E5 To wrap things up, I found this lab to be easy but confusing at the same time. I am not sure my reactions were all correct because I thought there were supposed to be some that were insoluble, however, I observed reactions occur every time. I would suggest maybe providing better rules for the solubility table because I was a little bit confused with that at first as well. I enjoyed doing this lab, as I do every one, but there were parts of it that just confused me.

Lynda Smith “Disconnected” Rhetorical Summary Essay Essay Example

Lynda Smith â€Å"Disconnected† Rhetorical Summary Essay Essay Example Lynda Smith â€Å"Disconnected† Rhetorical Summary Essay Paper Lynda Smith â€Å"Disconnected† Rhetorical Summary Essay Paper In her essay. â€Å"Disconnected† . Lynda Smith apprehends that today’s technological forward motions are taking over our basic human interactions. She explains that we are being brainwashed into believing that cell phone. computing machines and other technological appliances help us to remain connected swimmingly and outright. Although the world is by utilizing these appliances we are non sing face to face communications. alternatively we are dividing from each other. Lynda Smith tries to link with readers emotions by indicating out misdirecting cell phone bearer commercials and mottos. Smith besides uses farther facts to back up her claims. that these companies have lied to us and succeeded by supplying false information by repeat. Which causal has the client believe these companies are trusty and client friendly. Even more she uses CIA’s informations base information to demo the figure of cell phone and cyberspace users to reason her theory on commercials act uponing our picks to buy these services. Furthermore. Smith connects with people who have been affected by advertisement and cell phone carries tremendous figure of cell phone users. Smith’s illustration portrays a work forces who was lead to believe. he would salvage clip by having a cell phone. while the truth is there is no salvaging clip. Large corporations are merely out to falsify our sense of clip so that we truly stop up with less. while still purchasing their merchandises. and leaping on the bandwagon. Smith ends her statements by saying we all have single pick to make up ones mind how we communicate with our close one time. Will it be by fast forwarding engineering. or face to confront interaction. either manner we need to maintain updated with engineering in order advancement forwards but we can non depend on it.

Looking At The Historical Methods Of Social Work Social Work Essay Example

Looking At The Historical Methods Of Social Work Social Work Essay Example Looking At The Historical Methods Of Social Work Social Work Essay Looking At The Historical Methods Of Social Work Social Work Essay The intent of this essay is to analyze the historical and political position of societal work proviso in relation to people with dementedness. It will research how the development of societal work pattern has transformed these groups, the impact of societal exclusion they experienced that lead to favoritism and/or subjugation and the benefit of listening to service users positions. The primary mission of societal work profession is to heighten human wellbeing and assist run into the basic human demands of all people, with peculiar attending to the demands and authorization of people who are vulnerable, laden and life in poorness ( Baker 1999 Pg 55 ) . Social work has an of import function to play in organizing attempts to back up people with dementedness who may frequently hold negative experiences of mental wellness services. As a consequence, it will be a challenge to supply effectual societal support to these groups in an environment where their positions are being seen as important and where they do non have services reasonably and uniformly ( SCIE July 2008 ) . The medical footings dementia has developed since the nineteenth century and was used to depict people whose mental disablements were secondary to get encephalon harm, normally degenerative and frequently associated with old age ( Tibbs 2001 ) . Before the nineteenth century, a individual with dementedness would likely hold been confined to the workhouses. ( Marshall et al 2006 ) . During this period, many sick persons were taken off to aA Workhouse Infirmary with medical attention on manus and given out-of-door alleviation ( Denney 1998 ) . Whereas charities began to emerge during this epoch nevertheless there were no good steps in topographic point to present societal work services ; no standard to find who the deserving and undeserving hapless were, hence aid provided were viewed as indiscriminate ( Howe 2009 ) . As the 1940s progressed, there were new developments and attacks in the intervention of people with mental upsets. Poor houses for impoverished aged people were easy replaced by old people s places ( Marshall et al 2006 ) . The period after the Second World War saw the development of the public assistance province. There was a national understanding that the province has an duty to supply full services in order to react to jobs of poorness, mental wellness, old age etc ( Tibbs 2001 ) . The execution of Beverage study published in 1942 directed at abolishment of sordidness, want, ignorance, disease and idling. The National Assistant Act 1948 laid a foundation upon which future societal work was built and created sections to run into the demands of different client groups ( Tibbs 2001 ) . During the late twentieth century, both conservative and New Labour statute law have an impact on Mental Health reformation. The constitution of Social Service Departments introduced in 1970 reviewed in Seebohm studies ( 1969 ) , enabled Local Governments to advance public assistance services for the aged which had non already been included within the model of some other statutory organic structure. ( Tibbs 2001 ) . The 1983 Mental Health Act introduced during the conservative government grade a farther move towards statute law to better affairs with statutory demands and processs for societal workers to be decently trained in order to transport out professional appraisals. The Act ensures professionals who work with aged people with dementedness and so those who suffer from mental upset have a basic apprehension of the Mental Health Act, even if they do non move as Approved Social Workers ( Tibbs 2001 ) . The function of carers have besides been important in the field of dementedness attention through the debut of The Carers Act 1995 A ; 2000, which gave statutory acknowledgment and right to carers, and funding through proviso of Direct Payment ( Marshall et al 2006 ) . The Mental Capacity Act 2005 is besides a relevant Act to people with dementedness and their carers. It includes the proviso of independent Mental Capacity Advocates ( IMCA ) to protect vulnerable people and dementedness sick persons to derive more control over their lives, program for the hereafter and have their retained abilities recognised. It is of import to turn to the impact of favoritism on these service groups as they suffer disablement and as a consequence are capable to degrading intervention from the comparatively powerful groups within the society. ( Tibbs 2001 ) . Research shows that the society s fright towards dementia causes them to avoid people with the status doing them experiencing stray and stigmatised ( BBC 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Thompson ( 2006 ) , favoritism is a procedure through which a difference is identified, and can be positive or negative. He suggests that negative favoritism besides involves doing a negative ascription and attaching devalued label to a individual. Dementia is one of the major causes of disablement in the aged, impacting personal attention, mundane cognitive activities and societal behavior. To be diagnosed as holding dementedness involves a great trade of stigma, frequently ensuing in disadvantage and loss of life opportunities by the sick persons. ( Kitwood 1997 ) . Although, dementedness is strongly associated to elderly but research shows that addition figure of people diagnosed with the ill-health are under 65 old ages of age and are referred to as young onset dementedness ( SCIE non dated ) . These service users are likely to see inequality because society and professionals fail to recognize that dementedness exists in this age group and they can go on to incorporate within the society ( SCIE non dated ) . They will hold different fortunes in life from older people with dementedness because they are more likely to be in paid employment, have immature kids and have fiscal committednesss. They will hold to stop employment as most services are non able to get by with their status which means publicity chance and pension entitlements are lost. ( Marshall et al 2006 ) . Feelingss of favoritism and subjugation may besides be a barrier to people inquiring for support ( Downs et al 2008 ) . From experience, some people from black minority cultural groups ( Asiatic and Black Community ) diagnosed with the ill-health would instead maintain it in the household than to acquire aid because they see it as being black ( BBC 2010 ) . Furthermore, accessing services can be complicated because there are no age-specific services available as most of the developed services are for older people with dementedness ( Tibbs 2001 ) . Lack of entree to services could ensue in excess load being placed on households when the attention needs exceed the ability to supply ( Downs et al 2008 ) . Emotional impact is one of the important factors experienced by dementedness sick persons. There is besides a bias with sick persons because of the association with lunacy and psychiatric upset that the label creates. ( Brooker 2007 ) . They besides experience societal isolation due to withdrawal of friends which diminishes their societal webs and inability to run into a sensed social outlook. ( Crawford 2004 ) . From experience with aged, people sometimes hold ageist position against them by the manner they talk to them e.g. name naming as sweet old lady . Harmonizing to the Alzheimer Society publication, ageist social attitudes compound the experience of aged people with dementedness who already appear to be prejudiced because of their age and rational diminution. ( Crawford 2004 ) . Health professionals frequently consciously or otherwise oppress elderly with dementedness because of their place of authorization which could forestall them from doing their ain pick thereby disempowering them ( Crawford 2004 ) . From experience, professionals sometimes in their attitudes assumed aged people with dementedness are incapable of supplying valid information or doing determination for themselves, by invariably concentrating their attending to their carers alternatively of the service users. They are frequently seen as being a load to the province economic system resources and are subjected to considerable commiseration as they are deemed to be out of their head Crawford ( 2004 ) . Research shows that it is frequently assumed that people with dementedness are non articulated plenty to show their sentiment or positions on any facet of their lives because of jobs with communicating through address ( Brooker 2007 ) . As a consequence, practicians inclined to trust on alternate positions, normally provided by household carers, instead than their position. However, the demands, experience and perceptual experience of the carer might be different from that of the individual they are caring. Authorization and giving voices to people with dementedness is a critical portion of anti discriminatory/oppressive pattern. ( Tibbs 2001 ) . The demands for communication and authorising dementedness sick persons by affecting them in determination devising became major considerations within societal plants field. It is anticipated that the Mental Capacity Act, 2005 will turn to some of these issues. Begum ( 2006 Pg 3 ) defined user engagement as participation of users of services in determinations that affect their lives . Peoples with dementia voices can be valued by advancing active engagement within attention relationship regardless of their age or cognitive damage rooting out prejudiced pattern. ( Marthorpe et al 2003 ) . Involving service users in determination devising frequently leads to increased self-pride and assurance. ( Chaston et al 2004 Pg 19 ) quotes that It is good to experience valued and to be person, non merely anybody Effective service hence must be provided to alter the demands of people with dementedness ( Cantley 2001 ) . One of the chief rules to see in societal work codification of pattern as stipulated by the General Social Care Council ( GSCC ) is the right of service users to be treated with self-respect and regard in order for them to do informed picks about the services they received. Practitioners must therefore acknowledge who they are, listen to their fortunes ; handle them as a alone individual with worthy of self-respect and regard. It is hence imperative that during intercession with service users with dementedness, wellness practicians should travel beyond safety to advance their pick, maintain independency, liberty and their ego finding Cantley ( 2001 ) . It is indispensable to promote these service user groups to show their positions and penchants in order to construct their personal strengths and assurance. Listening to them will supply them the chance to show their positions on how dementia affects them, what they consider of import in their lives, including how services should run into their wellness and societal attention demands ( Tibbs 2001 ) . Peoples with dementedness, either independently or in little groups, should be given the right to take part straight in service planning and development procedures ( Warren 2007 ) . Practitioners can supply a scope of methods and attacks which will enable them to do a pick that will act upon future service commissariats. They can be engaged to do determination through direct observation and pass oning utilizing specific tools or systems ( Warren 2007 ) . This will enabled the practicians to hold a better apprehension of single demands peculiarly, of people diagnosed with dementedness that have complex demands and communicating damage. Research shows that these service users groups can still joint their sentiments about their wellbeing and quality of attention even though they are badly cognitively impaired ( Mozley et al 1999 ) . For illustration, Talking Mat is an advanced method of leting their positions to be heard in order to do determination about pull offing different facet of their life ( SCIE non dated ) . They can besides be involved in activities through corporate attack which will supply them the chance to be in control by moving jointly to act upon services and the broader communities. Such activities are frequently combined with elements of equal support and authorise them through corporate engagement ( Cantley 2001 ) . It is besides of import to invent services that will carry through their demands by obtaining the necessary information from them, which could be by on occasion seting services that were designed to run into their demands as perceived by others. Information about their modus operandis, picks, penchants, civilization before, during and after they are diagnosed with the ill-health, which is of import to their well-being and at their best involvement must be documented in their attention program in order to run into their demands and to organize their attention support efficaciously. ( Cantley 2001 ) . Administrations such Alzheimer Society and Social Care Institute of Excellence supply support to carers and wellness professionals to better the quality of life of people affected with Dementia through web resources, free e-learning programmes etc in order for their voice to be heard ( Alzheimer s Society ) . Besides, The National Dementia Declaration for England has made a pledge to bett er services for service users and carers by guaranting that they have pick and control over the determinations that affect them and populate in a supportive environment ( Community Care 2010 ) . Overall, it can be concluded that over the old ages, there have been alterations in development of societal work proviso which has brought about of import statute laws to undertake the issues of favoritism and subjugation on people with dementedness. It has been evaluated that public and professional attitudes towards ageing and the ill-health are now altering quickly. It was besides recognised that through good societal work pattern, affecting dementedness sick persons in determination devising would heighten authorization ; advance their picks and self finding while keeping independency. This provided me with apprehension of how services positions are indispensable in bettering societal service commissariats. It is hence imperative to promote farther larning within societal work proviso to guarantee good pattern is sustained. 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D ( 2009 ) A Brief Introduction to Social Work Theory, Palgrave Macmillan. Thompson. N ( 2006 ) Anti-discriminatory Practice, 4th Edition, Palgrave Macmillan. Tibbs A.M ( 2001 ) Social Work and Dementia, Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd. Marshall M and Tibbs A.M ( 2006 ) Social Work and Peoples with Dementia, British Library Publication. Mo Ray, Richard Pugh, Diane Roberts and Bernard Beech ( 2008 ) Social Care Institute for Excellence ( SCIE 2008 ) Research briefing 26: Mental Health and Social Work, Published July 2008. ( Website ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scie.org.uk/publications/briefings/briefing26/index.asp { Accessed on 09 Nov 2010 } Mozley C, Huxley P, Sutcliffe C, Bagley H, Burns A, Challis D and Cordingley ( 1999 ) Not Knowing where I am does nt intend I do nt cognize what I like Cognitive Impairment A ; Quality of Life Responses in Elderly People International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatric, Vol 14, No 9 ( Pg 776 83 ) . Downs M A ; Bowers B ( 2008 ) Excellence in Dementia Care Published in New York by McGraw Hill Companies. Barker R.L ( 1999 ) The Social Work Dictionary, 4th Edition Social Care Institute of Excellence ( SCIE ) Young Onset Dementia hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scie.org.uk/publications/dementia/young/key.asp { Accessed on 25 Oct 2010 ) . Kitwood T ( 1997 ) Dementia Reconsidered: The Person comes foremost Published in Buckingham by Open University Press. Warren.J ( 2007 ) Service User and Carer Participation in Social Work Published in Devon by Learning Matters Ltd.